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Casualty (person)
A casualty in military usage is a person in military service, combatant or non-combatant, who becomes unavailable for duty due to several circumstances, including death, injury, illness, capture and desertion.
In civilian usage, a casualty is a person who is killed, wounded or injured by some event, and is usually used to describe multiple deaths and injuries due to violent incidents or disasters. ''Casualties'' is sometimes misunderstood to mean ''fatalities'', but non-fatal injuries are also casualties.
==Military usage==
In military usage, a ''casualty'' is a person in service killed in action, killed by disease, disabled by injuries, disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or missing, but not someone who sustains injuries which do not prevent them from fighting. Any casualty is no longer available for the immediate battle or campaign, the major consideration in combat, and the reason for lumping together all these different cases. The word has been used in a military context since at least 1513.〔Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed gives a 1513 reference for military casualty, and an 1844 reference for civilian use〕
''Civilian casualties'' are civilians killed or injured by military personnel or combatants, sometimes instead referred to by the euphemistic expression "collateral damage".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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